IPv4 မှာ Octet လေးခုရှိသည်။ Octet တစ်ခုချင်းစီတွင် 8 bit ရှိသည်။ ထို့ကြောင့် IPv4 တွင် 32 bit ရှိသည်။ IPv4 သည် binary (0, 1) နှင့် decimal (0, 9) တို့ အပေါ်တွင် အခြေခံသည်။

      1^st Octet                               2^nd Octet                         3^rd Octet                           4^th Octet

        8 bits                                     8 bit                               8 bits                               8 bits

2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰       2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰        2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰       2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰

  255.255.255.255                   255.255.255.255               255.255.255.255              255.255.255.255

255 ဘယ်လိုဖြစ်လာသလဲ။ Octet တစ်ခုတွင် 8 bit ရှိပြီး binary ပေါ်တွင် အခြေခံထားသောကြောင့်

2⁷ = 128,  2⁶ = 64,  2⁵ = 32, 2⁴ = 16,  2³ = 8,  2² = 4, 2¹ = 2,  2⁰ = 1

128 + 64 + 32 + 16 + 8 + 4 + 2 + 1 = 255

Decimal ကနေ Binary သို့ ပြောင်းကြည့်ရအောင်

                       Decmial                                                                            Binary

1^st Octet     2^nd Octet    3^rd Octet   4^th Octet                 1^st Octet      2^nd Octet     3^rd Octet      4^th Octet

192       .    168         .       1      .     0              =        11000000  . 10101000  . 00000001 .  00000000

223       .    200         .      100   .     25             =        11011111  .  11001000  . 01100100 . 00011001

172       .    16          .       31     .    87             =        10101100  .  00010000  . 00011111 .  01010111

 192.168.1.0/24 ကို ခွဲခြမ်းစိတ်ဖြာကြည့်ရအောင်.... 
                                     

      1^st Octet                            2^nd Octet                           3^rd Octet                          4^th Octet
 
        8 bits                                  8 bit                                 8 bits                                8 bits

2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰       2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰         2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰        2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰

  255.255.255.255               255.255.255.255                  255.255.255.255                 255.255.255.255

                                               Network                                                                        Host

Network Address = 192.168.1.0

Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.0

Usable IP Addresses = 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.254

Broadcast Address = 192.168.1.255

192.168.1.0/25 ကို ခွဲခြမ်းစိတ်ဖြာကြည့်ရအောင်....

     1^st Octet                             2^nd Octet                          3^rd Octet                           4^th Octet

        8 bits                                  8 bit                                 8 bits                                8 bits

2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰       2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰         2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰        2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰

  255.255.255.255               255.255.255.255                  255.255.255.255                 255.255.255.255

                                               Network                                                                        Host

1^st Network Address = 192.168.1.0

Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.128

Usable IP Addresses = 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.126

Broadcast Address = 192.168.1.127

 

2^nd Network Address = 192.168.1.128

Subnet Mask = 255.255.255.128

Usable IP Addresses = 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.254

Broadcast Address = 192.168.1.255

192.168.1.0/26 ကို ခွဲခြမ်းစိတ်ဖြာကြည့်ရအောင်....

     1^st Octet                             2^nd Octet                          3^rd Octet                           4^th Octet

        8 bits                                  8 bit                                 8 bits                                8 bits

2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰       2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰         2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰        2⁷ 2⁶ 2⁵ 2⁴ 2³ 2² 2¹ 2⁰

  255.255.255.255               255.255.255.255                  255.255.255.255                 255.255.255.255

                                               Network                                                                        Host

1^st Network Address = 192.168.1.0

Subnet Mask = 192.168.1.192

Usable IP Addresses = 192.168.1.1 to 192.168.1.62

Broadcast Address = 192.168.1.63

 

2^nd Network Address = 192.168.1.64

Subnet Mask = 192.168.1.192

Usable IP Addresses = 192.168.1.65 to 192.168.1.126

Broadcast Address = 192.168.1.127

 

3^rd Network Address = 192.168.1.128

Subnet Mask = 192.168.1.192

Usable IP Addresses = 192.168.1.129 to 192.168.1.190

Broadcast Address = 192.168.1.191

 

4^th Network Address = 192.168.1.192

Subnet Mask = 192.168.1.192

Usable IP Addresses = 192.168.1.193 to 192.168.1.254

Broadcast Address = 192.168.1.255

(မှတ်ချက် ။ Subnet Mask နှင့် IP Range သည် ပြောင်းပြန် အချိုးတူသည်။ Subnet Mask ကြီးလေလေ အသုံးပြု၍ ရသော IP အရေအတွက် နည်းလေလေ ဖြစ်သည်။)

အောက်ပါဇယားသည် IP Address Version 4 (Class C) အတွက်ဖြစ်သည်။ ၎င်းကို ကျနော် Singapore Polytechnic ကျောင်းမှာ တက်တုန်းက ရေးသားခဲ့သည်။

Binary        Decimal       Prefix          Subnet Mask        Count of Networks   Usable Ip Range

    -              -                /24           255.255.255.0                 1                      254                 


2⁷               128             /25           255.255.255.128              2                     126                 

                    +

2⁶                64             /26           255.255.255.192              4                       62                   
                    +

2⁵                32             /27           255.255.255.224              8                       30                   

                    +

2⁴               16             /28            255.255.255.240             16                      14                            

                    +

2³                8              /29            255.255.255.248             32                       6

                   +

2²                4             /30             255.255.255.252             64                       2